Seafloor
Exploration
A brief history of seafloor exploration up to 2000
04
03
02
THE
FILM
01
1920-1950
1950-2000
References
1952
Marie Tharp and Bruce Heezen began making a map of the North Atlantic seafloor. Marie Tharp soon discovered a rift valley bisecting the Mid- Atlantic Ridge that was structurally similar to the Great Rift Valley in Africa. Heezen and Tharp then noticed that under sea earthquakes where on the mid- Atlantic rift valley. This lead them to discover that the mid- Atlantic Ridge was part of a 40,000 mile long world encircling ridge system, the largest tectonic feature on Earth’s surface (Encyclopedia.com).
Marie Tharp and a map that she was working on while working at Columbia University’s Lamont Geological Laboratory. (Blakemore, Smithsonian.com)
Auster, P. 2005. A link to the past webpage. NOAA.
Beebe, W. 1934. Half mile down. New York : Harcourt, Brace and Company.
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Blakemore, Erin. "Seeing Is Believing: How Marie Tharp Changed Geology Forever." Smithsonian.com. Smithsonian Institution, 30 Aug. 2016. Web. 24 Apr. 2017.
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Lippsett, L. 2001. Maurice Ewing and the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory. Living Legacies online publication, Columbia University.
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Luiggi, Cristina. "Life on the Ocean Floor 1977." The Scientist. The Scientist, n.d. Web.
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Matsen, B. 2007. Descent: the heroic discovery of the abyss. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group.
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"Monterey Bay Case Study - Photo #2." NOAA Photo Library. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association, n.d. Web. 29 Apr. 2017. <http://www.photolib.noaa.gov/htmls/theb3819.htm>.
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Nelson, S.B. 1971. Oceanographic ships fore and aft. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
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NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) 2006. NOAA history: sounding pole to sea beam webpage. NOAA.
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NOAA 2014. History: NOAA ocean exploration webpage. NOAA.
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"Pioneer." NOAA History - Tools of the Trade/Ships/C&GS Ships/PIONEER. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 May 2017
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Popular Mechanics1954.13,000 Feet Under the Sea in the French Bathyscaphe , pp. 110–111.
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Sigsbee Sounding Machine in Use on the ALBATROSS. 2016. Digital image. NOAA Photo Library. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association, n.d. Web. 04 May 2017. <http://www.photolib.noaa.gov/htmls/theb3784.htm>.
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Ssericson 2011. Otis Barton's Benthoscope. Wikimedia Commons. <https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Otis_Barton's_Benthoscope.jpg>
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"Tharp, Marie." Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography. Encyclopedia.com, n.d. Web. 24 Apr. 2017.
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"The Deepest DEEP-SEA Dive in History: U.S. Navy Conquers Inner-Space in 1960. Rolex Magazine. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 May 2017.
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"Timeline." NOAA Ocean Explorer. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association, n.d. Web. 25 Apr. 2017. <http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/history/timeline/timeline.html>.
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"Who First Charted the Gulf Stream?" National Ocean Service. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association, 01 June 2013. Web. 01 May 2017. <http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/bfranklin.html>.
1513
Ponce de Leon first noted the existence of the Gulf Stream. (“Gulf Stream”)
1769
Benjamin Franklin published a map of the Gulf Stream. (“Gulf Stream”)
Benjamin Franklin's map of the Gulf Stream (“Gulf Stream”).